Art

Introduction to Ceramics 
Ceramic is one of the materials which has its glory in the past and still retains its own importance. It had impacted even the trade relations and had a golden period in 18th century through French Ceramics. Ceramic is a solid material which is non-metallic and inorganic in nature made out of heating and later-on cooling and obtained in crystalline form. The term ceramic came from Greek words keramos which means a potter or pottery, where another meaning of potter is burn. Ceramic is the art of efficient and art objects which prepared by clay. Clay is nothing but formless material richly available on the earths surface.

Type of ceramics
Terra-cotta This type of ceramic is also called water proof ceramic material, the Terra-cotta also called plain unglazed pottery. Many pieces of terracotta were made by Albert-Ernest, a French Sculptor and among them the Abduction of Hippodameia is famous one.

Earthenware Among the oldest materials used in pottery, Earthenware is important one. This common ceramic material is used for decorative objects, pottery tableware etc. Other types of earthenware include Delftware, Creamware and Faience etc.

Stone-ware It is a vitreous or semi-vitreous material and also unglazed poetry and semi-porous glazed which is used for commercial crockery and tiles.

Porcelain This material is made by heating raw material it includes clay in the form of kaolin. The older name of porcelain was Italian procellana (cowrie shell) because of its resemblance to the translucent surface of shell. Its toughness, strength is mainly due to the formation of glass and also the mineral mullite. Porcelain generally used for durable industry and commercial purpose.

Mostly the terracotta is used in the sculpturing purpose. In those periods the sculpture is most significant. The history is very popular of European sculpture terracotta as the medium. Its use in France in 18th century was glorious and it is compared with marble and bronze and it is called as nobler material at that time. The sculptures were attracted because of several reasons because the ideas can be generated in great speed and it is not possible in bronze. In this period only the method used to furnish the sculpture of terracotta is polychromy. Because to shape the sculptures tools are used but professional artists they use their fingers than the tools. Throughout the history of European sculpture terracotta has always been a popular medium, although there are certain periods and regions, for example the 15th and 16th centuries in Tuscany and Emilia and the 18th and 19th centuries in France, where the use of terracotta was comparable with marble and bronze, the so-called nobler materials.

In the world of ceramics, the French ceramics is an extremely diverse and momentous artistic phenomenon. The ceramics is developed not only in French it also closely related to Italian and flemis art. Eighteenth century French ceramic works came out in theMuseum oftheStieglitz School, Shuvalovs collection. The French Faience is known for its Tin Glaze Pottery. Its legacy is continued for three centuries because of the well furnished decorative items and it has occupied significant and most extensive works of the history. The pottery body is covered with thick in enameled glaze, usually colorfully decorated. The clay is fired and dipped in the liquid and the artistic pain is done on the glaze and the model will be ready. With this only the well elegant tea sets and diner ware is possible and it is well furnished.

With the soft porcelain flowers are manufactured. The well known thing is the flowers are collected in placed in vases and adorned with bronze and other accessories in porcelain. It has one advantage that it is easy color the soft porcelain material

In the 18th century the main concern is about the fashion and France is known for it. The well known is large circular and oval dishes. In this period only the manufacturing of blue willows a distinctive variety on porcelain, pottery and other materials.

Mostly the terracotta is used in the sculpturing purpose. In those periods the sculpture is most significant
The stoneware is red in color on this period and it is hard substance it is used for decorative purpose of manufacturing the big jars and many decorative items.

The ceramics depicts artistic works, where as the term pottery and reserved for dishes, pots and other relevant functional items.Ceramic items can be both beautiful works of art and have a function.

In the earlier 18th century France was the producer of soft-paste porcelain. France introduced first important French porcelain which was prepared at St Cloud (Saint Cloud factory in 1693. The factory established maker of faience and dealt by Chicaneau family. The eighteenth century was great time for research and conduct scientific enquiry for porcelain development which witnessed, throughout Europe, wonderful achievements in this sphere. The successful production of porcelain was one of the most exciting discoveries in this period which is popularly known as white gold, porcelain which is produced for general aspects of fashionable public and private life.

Artists of Ceramics
Francoise Dufayard is a dedicated ceramist and zealous traveler. Ceramics was livelihood for herself and her daughters. William Morris who was a Craftman, textile designer, artist, writer and socialist of 19th century approved her occupation as a designer-maker.

One of the most famous French potter and craft man Bernard Pallisy covered with colored lead glazed to his ceramic works which was presented under Hermitage collection. The catalogue of A.P. Basilewskis collection attributed the ceramic wares to the workshop of Bernard Palissy.The work of Bernard Palissy that had noanalogous either inItalian orinFrench ceramics was characteristic phenomena ofMannerism.

Ceramic trade flourished well through out the world. French ceramics were in demand during the French colonial domination. It is now looked as an archeological resource. The unearthed ceramic vessels helps to understand material culture and also useful in reconstruction of trade and interaction pattern of those periods.

Conclusion
The works of the artists were glorious and as shown in the items. The France is known for its style and decorative items. The ceramics in this period is significant one and it leads to much change in the world. The France artists made several discoveries. There is no much harm with ceramics and they are environmental friendly. The ceramics use is extensive now days in the categories of tiles, decorative items, dinnerware items etc. The works of French Faience is well renounced and it is now seen in the museums. The antique varieties have been made in this period by the French artists. Because of their work the mood in the items is elevated.